\n\tResearch and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.
\n", "uwagi": "\n\tThe five criteria for identifying R&D:
\n\n\t- novel - to be aimed at new findings
\n\n\t- creative - to be based on original, not obvious, concepts and hypotheses
\n\n\t- uncertain - to be uncertain about the final outcome and the cost, including time allocation
\n\n\t- systematic - to be conducted in a planned way (with identified the purpose of the R&D project and the sources of funding)
\n\n\t- transferable and/or reproducible - to lead to results that could be possibly reproduced.
\n\n\tResearch and development includes:
\n\n\t1. scientific research
\n\n\t- basic research
\n\n\t- applied research
\n\n\t- industrial research
\n\n\t2. experimental development
\n", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31" }, { "id-pojecie": 296, "nazwa-pojecie": "Employment in R&D activity", "definicja": "All persons directly engaged in R&D activity, both operational staff and support staff.
", "uwagi": "Personnel directly engaged in R&D activity include employees devoting at least 10% of their total working hours for this activity. Employees devoting less than 10% of their total working hours for R&D activity as well as staff providing intermediate services (e.g. industrial guard, canteen staff, cleaners or employees of IT departments) are not included (however costs of labour of these persons as so called overhead costs in their R&D activity part are included in current expenditures on this activity). Employment in R&D activity is surveyed according to groups of workstations and by educational level. In the variant by groups of work stations, three categories are distinguished: - researchers (RSE), - technicians and equivalent staff - other staff engaged in R&D activity. In the variant by educational level, the following categories are distinguished among others: - persons with title of professors, - persons with habilitated doctor (HD) degree - persons with doctor (PhD) degree
", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "2015-12-31" }, { "id-pojecie": 3153, "nazwa-pojecie": "Nanotechnology", "definicja": "Understanding and control of matter and processes at the nanoscale, typically, but not exclusively, below 100 nanometres in one or more dimensions, where the onset of size-dependent phenomena usually enables novel applications, by utilizing the properties of nanoscale materials that differ from the properties of individual atoms, molecules, and bulk matter to create improved materials, devices and systems that exploit these new properties.
", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "2011-01-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31" }, { "id-pojecie": 4045, "nazwa-pojecie": "Internal R&D personnel", "definicja": "Persons employed (employees, working proprietors and unpaid family workers) by the statistical unit who contribute to the unit’s intramural R&D activities.
", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "2015-01-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31" } ], "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne": { "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne-tresc": "\n\tUntil 2013, data on R&D personnel include only employed in R&D.
\n", "notki": [] }, "przekroje": [ { "id-przekroj": 158, "nazwa-przekroj": "Poland; R&D personnel functions", "szereg-czasowy": "2012 - 2024", "id-czestotliwosc": 1, "nazwa-czestotliwosc": "Year", "aktualizacja-ostatnia": "2026-03-02", "aktualizacja-kolejna": "2027-02-26" }, { "id-przekroj": 159, "nazwa-przekroj": "Poland; Educational level of R&D personnel", "szereg-czasowy": "2012 - 2024", "id-czestotliwosc": 1, "nazwa-czestotliwosc": "Year", "aktualizacja-ostatnia": "2026-03-02", "aktualizacja-kolejna": "2027-02-26" } ], "zestawy": [ { "id-zestaw": 1388, "symbol-zestaw": "PNT-05", "nazwa-zestaw": "report on research and experimental development (R&D) activities in nanotechnology", "id-gestor": 35, "nazwa-gestor": "Statistics Poland" }, { "id-zestaw": 1482, "symbol-zestaw": "PNT-06", "nazwa-zestaw": "report on nanotechnology activities in enterprises", "id-gestor": 35, "nazwa-gestor": "Statistics Poland" } ], "badania": [ { "id-badanie": 146, "symbol-badanie": "1.43.17", "temat-badanie": "Nanotechnology" } ], "akty-prawne": [ {} ], "jednostki": [ { "id-jednostka": 136, "nazwa-jednostki": "Statistical Office in Szczecin" } ] }