{
  "id-zmienna": 460,
  "nazwa": "Nanotechnology research and development entities",
  "nazwa-skrocona": "Nanotechnology R&D entities",
  "tagi": [
    {
      "id-tag": 530,
      "nazwa-tag": "R&D activity"
    },
    {
      "id-tag": 531,
      "nazwa-tag": "scientific research"
    },
    {
      "id-tag": 532,
      "nazwa-tag": "experimental development"
    },
    {
      "id-tag": 6927,
      "nazwa-tag": "R&D entities"
    },
    {
      "id-tag": 6929,
      "nazwa-tag": "modern technologies"
    }
  ],
  "pojecia": [
    {
      "id-pojecie": 76,
      "nazwa-pojecie": "Research and experimental development (R&D)",
      "definicja": "<p>\n\tResearch and experimental development (R&amp;D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.</p>\n",
      "uwagi": "<p>\n\tThe five criteria for identifying R&amp;D:</p>\n<p>\n\t- novel - to be aimed at new findings</p>\n<p>\n\t- creative - to be based on original, not obvious, concepts and hypotheses</p>\n<p>\n\t- uncertain - to be uncertain about the final outcome and the cost, including time allocation</p>\n<p>\n\t- systematic - to be conducted in a planned way (with identified the purpose of the R&amp;D project and the sources of funding)</p>\n<p>\n\t- transferable and/or reproducible - to lead to results that could be possibly reproduced.</p>\n<p>\n\tResearch and development includes:</p>\n<p>\n\t1. scientific research</p>\n<p>\n\t- basic research</p>\n<p>\n\t- applied research</p>\n<p>\n\t- industrial research</p>\n<p>\n\t2. experimental development</p>\n",
      "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01",
      "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31"
    },
    {
      "id-pojecie": 3153,
      "nazwa-pojecie": "Nanotechnology",
      "definicja": "<p>Understanding and control of matter and processes at the nanoscale, typically, but not exclusively, below 100 nanometres in one or more dimensions, where the onset of size-dependent phenomena usually enables novel applications, by utilizing the properties of nanoscale materials that differ from the properties of individual atoms, molecules, and bulk matter to create improved materials, devices and systems that exploit these new properties.</p>",
      "data-poczatku-pojecie": "2011-01-01",
      "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31"
    },
    {
      "id-pojecie": 4165,
      "nazwa-pojecie": "Entities in research and development",
      "definicja": "<p>Entities performing R&amp;D as the main type of economic activity, implementing R&amp;D projects alongside other basic activities or funding R&amp;D performed by other entities.</p>",
      "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01",
      "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31"
    }
  ],
  "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne": {
    "notki": []
  },
  "przekroje": [
    {
      "id-przekroj": 16,
      "nazwa-przekroj": "Poland",
      "szereg-czasowy": "2012 - 2024",
      "id-czestotliwosc": 1,
      "nazwa-czestotliwosc": "Year",
      "aktualizacja-ostatnia": "2026-03-02",
      "aktualizacja-kolejna": "2027-02-26"
    }
  ],
  "zestawy": [
    {
      "id-zestaw": 1388,
      "symbol-zestaw": "PNT-05",
      "nazwa-zestaw": "report on research and experimental development (R&D) activities in nanotechnology",
      "id-gestor": 35,
      "nazwa-gestor": "Statistics Poland"
    },
    {
      "id-zestaw": 1482,
      "symbol-zestaw": "PNT-06",
      "nazwa-zestaw": "report on nanotechnology activities in enterprises",
      "id-gestor": 35,
      "nazwa-gestor": "Statistics Poland"
    }
  ],
  "badania": [
    {
      "id-badanie": 146,
      "symbol-badanie": "1.43.17",
      "temat-badanie": "Nanotechnology"
    }
  ],
  "akty-prawne": [
    {}
  ],
  "jednostki": [
    {
      "id-jednostka": 136,
      "nazwa-jednostki": "Statistical Office in Szczecin"
    }
  ]
}