\n\tResearch and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.
\n", "uwagi": "\n\tThe five criteria for identifying R&D:
\n\n\t- novel - to be aimed at new findings
\n\n\t- creative - to be based on original, not obvious, concepts and hypotheses
\n\n\t- uncertain - to be uncertain about the final outcome and the cost, including time allocation
\n\n\t- systematic - to be conducted in a planned way (with identified the purpose of the R&D project and the sources of funding)
\n\n\t- transferable and/or reproducible - to lead to results that could be possibly reproduced.
\n\n\tResearch and development includes:
\n\n\t1. scientific research
\n\n\t- basic research
\n\n\t- applied research
\n\n\t- industrial research
\n\n\t2. experimental development
\n", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31" }, { "id-pojecie": 296, "nazwa-pojecie": "Employment in R&D activity", "definicja": "All persons directly engaged in R&D activity, both operational staff and support staff.
", "uwagi": "Personnel directly engaged in R&D activity include employees devoting at least 10% of their total working hours for this activity. Employees devoting less than 10% of their total working hours for R&D activity as well as staff providing intermediate services (e.g. industrial guard, canteen staff, cleaners or employees of IT departments) are not included (however costs of labour of these persons as so called overhead costs in their R&D activity part are included in current expenditures on this activity). Employment in R&D activity is surveyed according to groups of workstations and by educational level. In the variant by groups of work stations, three categories are distinguished: - researchers (RSE), - technicians and equivalent staff - other staff engaged in R&D activity. In the variant by educational level, the following categories are distinguished among others: - persons with title of professors, - persons with habilitated doctor (HD) degree - persons with doctor (PhD) degree
", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "2015-12-31" }, { "id-pojecie": 825, "nazwa-pojecie": "Paid employees", "definicja": "Persons hired on the basis of employment contracts for a specified period of time (including seasonal and temporary workers) and unspecified period, full-time and part-time (i.e. paid employment). In calculating the paid employment as at a given day in natural persons, full-time paid employees and part-time paid employees.
", "uwagi": "Paid employees include:
\n1) persons employed on the basis of employment contracts, including:
\n- persons employed in intervention and public works financed from the Labour Fund,
\n- juvenile persons employed on the basis of employment contracts,
\n- persons employed abroad, working for the benefit of domestic organizational units,
\n- persons staying abroad on business trip.
\nIn paid employment have to be included foreigners carrying out work accordance to The Law on Promotion of Employment and Labour Market Institutions dated 20 April 2004 (Journal of Laws 2008, No 69, item 415 with later amendments).
\n2) persons employed on the basis of posting, appointment or election,
\n3) persons employed in companies in organised working groups (military units, members of Voluntary Labour Units, excluding members of Volunteer Labour Units who continue vocational training, civil defence youths, industrial and fire guard youths, persons in substitute military service, sentenced persons.)
\nPaid employees do not include, i.a.:
\n1) outworkers,
\n2) trainees who concluded a contract for vocational training with an establishment,
\n3) persons on child-care leaves for caring over a child (also employees who at the same time receive maternity benefits due to birth of a next child), despite the fact that they are in the books of the company,
\n4) students of schools for the unemployed and students of higher schools on holiday or the diploma apprenticeship,
\n5) employed on the basis of order-agreement and on a contract of specified work. Depending on the purpose of a statistical survey, departure from the above rules can be used (explained each time in explanatory notes to individual statistical reports).
\n6) Agents.
", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31" } ], "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne": { "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne-tresc": "Since 2016, the way of classifying entities by sectors of performance has changed. Until 2015, research and scientific institutes were classified to the government sector, and since 2016 to the business enterprise, government or higher education sectors.
", "notki": [ { "id-notka": 139, "opis": "\n\tSince 2016, data on R&D personnel include:
\n\t- internal R&D personnel - persons employed (employees, working proprietors and unpaid family workers) by the statistical unit who contribute to the unit's intramural R&D activities,
\n\t- external R&D personnel - independent (self-employed) or dependent (employee) workers fully integrated into a statistical unit's R&D projects without formally being persons employed by the same R&D-performing statistical unit.
\n\tUntil 2015, data on R&D personnel include only employed in R&D within the framework of full-time working time, spending on R&D activities at least 10% of the working time.
\n\tSince 2016, the data are not comparable with earlier periods.