\n\tResearch and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.
\n", "uwagi": "\n\tThe five criteria for identifying R&D:
\n\n\t- novel - to be aimed at new findings
\n\n\t- creative - to be based on original, not obvious, concepts and hypotheses
\n\n\t- uncertain - to be uncertain about the final outcome and the cost, including time allocation
\n\n\t- systematic - to be conducted in a planned way (with identified the purpose of the R&D project and the sources of funding)
\n\n\t- transferable and/or reproducible - to lead to results that could be possibly reproduced.
\n\n\tResearch and development includes:
\n\n\t1. scientific research
\n\n\t- basic research
\n\n\t- applied research
\n\n\t- industrial research
\n\n\t2. experimental development
\n", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31" }, { "id-pojecie": 4049, "nazwa-pojecie": "R&D personnel", "definicja": "\n\tInclude all persons engaged directly in R&D, whether employed by the statistical unit or external contributors fully integrated into the statistical unit’s R&D activities, as well as those providing direct services for the R&D activities (such as R&D managers, administrators, technicians and clerical staff).
\n", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "2015-01-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31" } ], "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne": { "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne-tresc": "Since 2016, the way of classifying entities by sectors of performance has changed. Until 2015, research and scientific institutes were classified to the government sector, and since 2016 to the business enterprise, government or higher education sectors.
The name of the classification in force since 2016: Fields of Research and Development has replaced the one previously used Fields of science (Frascati Manual 2015). Some of the categories distinguished under this classification have also been updated.
\n\tSince 2016, data on R&D personnel include:
\n\t- internal R&D personnel - persons employed (employees, working proprietors and unpaid family workers) by the statistical unit who contribute to the unit's intramural R&D activities,
\n\t- external R&D personnel - independent (self-employed) or dependent (employee) workers fully integrated into a statistical unit's R&D projects without formally being persons employed by the same R&D-performing statistical unit.
\n\tUntil 2015, data on R&D personnel include only employed in R&D within the framework of full-time working time, spending on R&D activities at least 10% of the working time.
\n\tSince 2016, the data are not comparable with earlier periods.