{
  "id-zmienna": 408,
  "nazwa": "Entities in research and development",
  "nazwa-skrocona": "R&D entities",
  "tagi": [
    {
      "id-tag": 530,
      "nazwa-tag": "R&D activity"
    },
    {
      "id-tag": 531,
      "nazwa-tag": "scientific research"
    },
    {
      "id-tag": 532,
      "nazwa-tag": "experimental development"
    },
    {
      "id-tag": 952,
      "nazwa-tag": "NACE Rev. 2"
    },
    {
      "id-tag": 6925,
      "nazwa-tag": "sector of performance"
    },
    {
      "id-tag": 6927,
      "nazwa-tag": "R&D entities"
    }
  ],
  "pojecia": [
    {
      "id-pojecie": 76,
      "nazwa-pojecie": "Research and experimental development (R&D)",
      "definicja": "<p>\n\tResearch and experimental development (R&amp;D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.</p>\n",
      "uwagi": "<p>\n\tThe five criteria for identifying R&amp;D:</p>\n<p>\n\t- novel - to be aimed at new findings</p>\n<p>\n\t- creative - to be based on original, not obvious, concepts and hypotheses</p>\n<p>\n\t- uncertain - to be uncertain about the final outcome and the cost, including time allocation</p>\n<p>\n\t- systematic - to be conducted in a planned way (with identified the purpose of the R&amp;D project and the sources of funding)</p>\n<p>\n\t- transferable and/or reproducible - to lead to results that could be possibly reproduced.</p>\n<p>\n\tResearch and development includes:</p>\n<p>\n\t1. scientific research</p>\n<p>\n\t- basic research</p>\n<p>\n\t- applied research</p>\n<p>\n\t- industrial research</p>\n<p>\n\t2. experimental development</p>\n",
      "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01",
      "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31"
    },
    {
      "id-pojecie": 4165,
      "nazwa-pojecie": "Entities in research and development",
      "definicja": "<p>Entities performing R&amp;D as the main type of economic activity, implementing R&amp;D projects alongside other basic activities or funding R&amp;D performed by other entities.</p>",
      "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01",
      "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31"
    }
  ],
  "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne": {
    "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne-tresc": "<p>Since 2016, the way of classifying entities by sectors of performance has changed. Until 2015, research and scientific institutes were classified to the government sector, and since 2016 to the business enterprise, government or higher education sectors.</p>",
    "notki": []
  },
  "przekroje": [
    {
      "id-przekroj": 72,
      "nazwa-przekroj": "Poland; Sectors of performance",
      "szereg-czasowy": "1999 - 2024",
      "id-czestotliwosc": 1,
      "nazwa-czestotliwosc": "Year",
      "aktualizacja-ostatnia": "2026-01-12"
    },
    {
      "id-przekroj": 79,
      "nazwa-przekroj": "Poland, voivodeships; Type of R&amp;D entities ",
      "szereg-czasowy": "2010 - 2024",
      "id-czestotliwosc": 1,
      "nazwa-czestotliwosc": "Year",
      "aktualizacja-ostatnia": "2026-01-12"
    },
    {
      "id-przekroj": 87,
      "nazwa-przekroj": "Poland, voivodeships; NACE Rev. 2 groups - R&amp;D",
      "szereg-czasowy": "2016 - 2024",
      "id-czestotliwosc": 1,
      "nazwa-czestotliwosc": "Year",
      "aktualizacja-ostatnia": "2026-01-14"
    }
  ],
  "zestawy": [
    {
      "id-zestaw": 389,
      "symbol-zestaw": "PNT-01",
      "nazwa-zestaw": "report on research and experimental development (R&D)",
      "id-gestor": 35,
      "nazwa-gestor": "Statistics Poland"
    },
    {
      "id-zestaw": 626,
      "symbol-zestaw": "PNT-01/a",
      "nazwa-zestaw": "report on research and experimental development (R&D) and on funds allocated for research and development in government and local government units",
      "id-gestor": 35,
      "nazwa-gestor": "Statistics Poland"
    },
    {
      "id-zestaw": 1149,
      "symbol-zestaw": "PNT-01/s",
      "nazwa-zestaw": "report on research and experimental development (R&D) in higher education institutions",
      "id-gestor": 35,
      "nazwa-gestor": "Statistics Poland"
    }
  ],
  "badania": [
    {
      "id-badanie": 137,
      "symbol-badanie": "1.43.01",
      "temat-badanie": "Research and development (R&D) activities"
    }
  ],
  "akty-prawne": [
    {}
  ],
  "jednostki": [
    {
      "id-jednostka": 136,
      "nazwa-jednostki": "Statistical Office in Szczecin"
    }
  ]
}