\n\tResearch and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.
\n", "uwagi": "\n\tThe five criteria for identifying R&D:
\n\n\t- novel - to be aimed at new findings
\n\n\t- creative - to be based on original, not obvious, concepts and hypotheses
\n\n\t- uncertain - to be uncertain about the final outcome and the cost, including time allocation
\n\n\t- systematic - to be conducted in a planned way (with identified the purpose of the R&D project and the sources of funding)
\n\n\t- transferable and/or reproducible - to lead to results that could be possibly reproduced.
\n\n\tResearch and development includes:
\n\n\t1. scientific research
\n\n\t- basic research
\n\n\t- applied research
\n\n\t- industrial research
\n\n\t2. experimental development
\n", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31" }, { "id-pojecie": 230, "nazwa-pojecie": "Intramural expenditures on R&D", "definicja": "All current expenditures plus gross fixed capital expenditures for R&D performed within a statistical unit during a specific reference period, whatever the source of funds. Intramural R&D expenditure is synonymous with the performance of R&D within a statistical unit.
", "uwagi": "The summation of intramural R&D for all sectors is synonymous with the performance of R&D for the entire economy (GERD).
", "data-poczatku-pojecie": "1999-07-01", "data-konca-pojecie": "9999-12-31" } ], "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne": { "wyjasnienia-metodologiczne-tresc": "\n\tIntramural expenditure on R&D do not include depreciation of fixed assets.
\n\tTo calculate intramural expenditure on R&D per capita, the number of population based on the results of censuses was adopted:
\n\t- for data from 1999 to 2009 – National Population and Housing Census 2002;
\n\t- for data from 2010 to 2019 – National Population and Housing Census 2011;
\n\t- for data since 2020 – National Population and Housing Census 2021.
\n\tSince 2016, the way of classifying entities by sectors of performance has changed. Until 2015, research and scientific institutes were classified to the government sector, and since 2016 to the business enterprise, government or higher education sectors.
\n\tThe name of the classification in force since 2016: Fields of Research and Development has replaced the one previously used Fields of science (Frascati Manual 2015). Some of the categories distinguished under this classification have also been updated.
\n\tIn case of funding sectors, since 2020, item \"abroad sector\" has been replaced by the item \"rest of the world\" in accordance with the methodology of the Frascati Manual 2015.
\n\tIn dimension Type of costs item Machinery and equipment concerns machinery and technical equipment, tools, instruments, movable properties, equipment not elsewhere classified and means of transport (groups 3—8 according to Classification of Fixed Assets).